Ukrainian financial statements are laid out consistently, but they have several features that make them easy to misread — particularly for a reader used to another system. Here is what matters.

The two main forms

Form No. 1, the Balance Sheet (Statement of Financial Position) is a position at a date: assets, liabilities, equity. Form No. 2, the Statement of Financial Results is movement over a period: income, expenses, profit or loss.

Each form carries a ДКУД code, and that code ends in a version number which changes between years. So a 2023 filing and a 2025 filing can carry different codes while being the same form.

Full, small and micro forms

Not everybody files the same thing. Small enterprises file a shortened form (Ф1-м, Ф2-м); micro enterprises file a shorter one still (Ф1-мс, Ф2-мс). This is not “worse” reporting — it is fewer rows, as НП(С)БО 25 provides.

The practical consequence: the micro form has no cost-of-sales row at all, so gross margin cannot be computed from such a filing. An empty figure there means “the form does not ask”, not “the company did not answer”.

Every figure is in thousands of hryvnia

The forms are completed in тис. грн. Row 2000 with a value of 4,512 means ₴4,512,000, not four and a half thousand. We multiply by a thousand once, at import, and show hryvnia everywhere after that.

Occasionally a filer gets this wrong and enters hryvnia directly. Such filings stand out immediately: a military unit or a university with “revenue” in the hundreds of billions. We do not correct the filed number — dividing somebody's return by a thousand because it looks too large is exactly the kind of silent correction that makes a dataset untrustworthy. Instead the year is flagged as implausible, shown as filed, and kept out of the rankings.

Profit and loss sit on different rows

This is the feature that surprises foreign readers most. In Form No. 2 the result is reported on two rows: one for profit, one for loss — and both are filled in as positive numbers. Row 2350 is net profit; row 2355 is net loss.

So “2355 = 1,200” is a loss of ₴1.2 million, not a profit. We fold those pairs into one signed number, so a loss appears on the profile as a negative value.

Two columns, and what they mean

In the balance sheet the columns are the opening and closing position. In the income statement the identically-formatted columns are the current and the prior year. Same presentation, different meaning; confusing them means showing last year's revenue as this year's.

What to look at first

  • Row 2000 — net revenue from sales. This is “turnover” in the everyday sense.
  • Row 1495 — equity. A negative value means liabilities exceed assets.
  • Row 1300 — the balance sheet total, i.e. total assets.
  • Rows 2350 / 2355 — the net result.

And finally: any ratio — margin, revenue change, equity to assets — is not a row in the filing. Overit calculates them from the filed values, and the site labels them as exactly that.